With its high bandwidth, extremely low latency and ability to connect millions of devices simultaneously, 5G plays a central role in the implementation of Industry 4.0. In this article, you will learn why 5G is a key enabler of Industry 4.0 and what advantages this technology offers for industrial applications.
5G stands for the fifth generation of mobile network technology.
Built on a new radio technology (5G NR) that uses high-frequency radio waves, 5G networks offer significant improvements over its predecessor, 4G LTE. For example, higher data speeds, lower latency, and greater network capacity, and advanced network reliability specifically required for industry applications.
Theoretically, 5G can deliver speeds up to 10 Gbps (gigabits per second), which is 100 times faster than 4G.
5G’s ultra-low latency (measured in milliseconds) enables real-time control of machines and processes. That is crucial for tasks like remote operation, automated assembly lines, autonomous driving machines, and predictive maintenance.
5G can handle massive amounts of data, supporting applications that require high-resolution video streaming, large file transfers, and IoT device connectivity.
The ability to process and analyse vast datasets in real time fuels data-driven decision-making and predictive analytics.
5G can support up to 1 million devices per square kilometre, making it ideal for IoT deployments in industrial settings.
Efficiently managing numerous connected devices ensures smooth communication and minimises network congestion.
5G’s reliability and availability are essential for mission-critical industrial processes that cannot tolerate interruptions.
Advanced network architectures and redundancy features ensure minimal downtime.
5G incorporates robust security measures to protect sensitive industrial data from cyber threats.
Network segmentation and isolation help prevent unauthorised access.
The rollout of 5G networks has been ongoing since around 2019, and as of 2024, 5G is widely available in many parts of the world, particularly in urban areas of developed countries. However, the availability of 5G varies significantly depending on the region, the specific telecommunications provider, and the type of 5G being deployed (low-band, mid-band, or high-band mmWave).
Here’s a breakdown:
United States, South Korea, Japan, and Europe: 5G networks are well-established in major cities, with coverage expanding to suburban and rural areas. These regions have seen significant investments in 5G infrastructure, including mid-band and high-band deployments.
China: China has been a leader in 5G deployment, with extensive coverage in urban areas and plans to extend 5G to rural areas. China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom have been aggressively expanding their 5G networks.
India, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa: 5G deployment is progressing but at a slower pace. In these regions, 5G is typically available in major cities, with expansion plans targeting more areas in the coming years. The focus has often been on mid-band 5G, which offers a balance of coverage and speed. By 2025, it’s expected that 5G will be available in most countries, though the level of coverage and the type of 5G (low, mid, or high band) will vary. Full nationwide coverage, especially in rural and less populated areas, may take longer, potentially extending into the late 2020s.
Industry 4.0 refers to the ongoing automation and digital transformation of manufacturing and industrial practices, driven by advancements in technologies like IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and big data. When it comes to leveraging 5G for industrial applications, businesses face a critical decision: should they rely on public 5G, establish a private 5G network, or adopt a hybrid 5G approach?
Public 5G networks, deployed by telecom operators, are designed to provide wide-ranging coverage and support millions of devices. These networks are available to the public and are ideal for industries that require widespread connectivity without the need for extensive customisation.
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Disadvantages
Private 5G networks are built exclusively for individual businesses or industrial campuses. They offer customised services and features based on the specific requirements and applications of a business, such as network configuration, performance, and security.
Advantages
Disadvantages
A hybrid 5G network combines public and private 5G network infrastructures.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Deciding between public, private, or hybrid 5G networks depends on several factors, including the nature of the industry, the specific use cases, and budget considerations. While public 5G may be sufficient for applications like remote monitoring or basic IoT deployments, private 5G is often the best choice for industries that require maximum performance, security, and control.
Hybrid 5G, on the other hand, offers a flexible middle ground, providing the right balance between cost savings and tailored solutions. As Industry 4.0 continues to evolve, this flexibility will be key in ensuring that businesses can scale their digital transformations while maintaining the performance and security needed to compete.
Industry 4.0 refers to the ongoing automation and digital transformation of manufacturing and industrial practices, driven by advancements in technologies like IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and big data. 5G is already making a significant impact on various aspects of Industry 4.0, including:
5G enables real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing processes by connecting thousands of sensors and machines across a factory, improving efficiency and reducing downtime. It supports advanced robotics and automation systems that rely on low latency and high reliability. That allows robots to communicate seamlessly with each other and central control systems to optimise production lines. Additionally, 5G facilitates the use of digital twins—virtual replicas of physical assets—that are updated in real time with data. Companies can simulate, analyse, and optimise operations without disrupting actual processes.
Industry 4.0 relies heavily on IoT devices, from sensors to automated guided vehicles (AGVs). 5G’s ability to connect millions of devices simultaneously without significant drops in performance makes it ideal for these environments.
In warehouses and manufacturing plants, AGVs are used to transport materials and products. 5G provides the low latency and reliable communication needed for AGVs to operate autonomously, navigate complex environments, and avoid obstacles.
5G allows for the remote monitoring and control of industrial equipment, enabling operators to work from anywhere in the world.
5G-enabled sensors can collect and analyse data to predict equipment failures, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.
In conclusion, 5G’s combination of low latency, high bandwidth, massive connectivity, reliability, and security make it an indispensable technology for driving innovation and efficiency in Industry 4.0. As 5G networks continue to expand and mature, we can expect to see even more groundbreaking applications emerge in the industrial sector.
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